1. Read all of the essays on the list for the first five methods of development. If necessary, review the chapter heading information in Prose Models to review the characteristics of each method.
2. Select ONE of the essays for discussion on your blog, preferably one that you liked. In your blog posting, explain how this essay is an example of good writing and explain how the essay is a good example of its particular method of development. In doing so, I expect you to draw on your knowledge of the criteria for that method of development.
Tuesday, February 3, 2009
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Answers for "April Fools on Polar Circus" by Janet Roddan
"April Fools on Polar Circus" – Janet Roddan
1.a. Roddan presents her thesis that "[t]he tango with fear makes me wise" in the final line of the first paragraph.
b. Roddan support her thesis when she describes how "we use our ice axes to shatter our frozen worlds into crystals of ice and fear. One of the strong pulls of ice climbing is the tremendous range of feelings one is forced to endure..." This passages reinforces the thesis concept that engaging with one’s fears leads to wisdom. The more one experiences, the more knowledge one can bring to the next experience. Thus, Roddan later writes how "the intensity is replaced with warm, smooth, flowing beats. The rhythm takes hold, and the dance begins again," thus sustaining the metaphor that ice climbing is "a tango with fear." Roddan’s goal is not to become fearless; rather, her goal is to climb with her fear.
2. The pattern of the essay is deductive. Roddan states her thesis at the end of the first paragraph and supports it with a narrative account of her ice climbing experience.
3. One method of development Roddan uses in this essay is cause and effect. When she encounters rotten ice, Roddan seeks a "reason to come down" but her climbing partner challenges her with the statement, "It depends on how much you want it." Although she is fearful of going on, the effect of these words helps to revive her "tango with fear", and she discovers that "desire, commitment, and an incredible dislike for down climbing" drive her onward to success.
Another method of development Roddan uses is description. In order to convince the reader thoroughly of the validity of her claim, she must convey the enormity of the "six long pitches of undulating ice varied, interesting, alpine" and the intensity of "a chasm fifteen feet wide...between my partner, Barb, and me." Above all she must describe the danger of passing through a "dark, claustrophobic couloir" and her struggle when " a big block of ice disengages itself." Description allows Roddan to convey the legitimacy of her danger so that the reader can understand why she must subdue her fear and not be subdued by it.
4. The simile that describes how "The last two pitches of the climb cascade out of the notch like a enormous wedding gown" is important because it establishes the relationship between the two climbers and the mountain. As they approach "wild, silent places that wait", the two women become "brides" embarking on a brand new life experiences. Thus, the simile serves to set the tone for the bridal analogy because climbing the mountain represents an act of union.
Parallel structure is evident when Roddan describes how "I force myself to breathe, to generate my own flow, to create my own beat." The imminent sense of struggle with her fear is evident in that her statement uses repetition, in this case the rhythm of a repeating sentence pattern, to impose order and calm. If Roddan is to sustain the tango, she simply cannot lose her nerve nor her sense of structure; otherwise, she would succumb to fear.
Personification occurs in the third last paragraph where "the great Goddess reveals her face of frozen water. I witness her dark, foreboding pinnacles, her places of silent, quiet peace." By personifying the mountain, Roddan reinforces the concept of relationship between herself and the ice face, thus sustaining the concept of a tango. Only when she arrives at the summit does she achieve a spiritual consummation with the mountain.
Metaphor occurs when Roddan describes how "Doubt slides in with spaghetti arms and little shivers that evaporate my courage." To dance with a partner requires trust and understanding; consequently, Roddan reveals the challenge of maintaining trust in oneself when one’s partner is fear.
5. The sustained use of dance and wedding imagery serves to unify the essay. From the thesis, expressed as the metaphor "The tango with fear makes me wise," Roddan establishes the nature of the relationship with Polar Circus. As she engages the mountain, which is "steep enough to burn our calves", she yields as the "rhythm takes hold, and the dance begins" even though it later "becomes a struggle." Only through the "desire" and "commitment" to subdue her fear will she be able to reach "the wild, silent places that wait." Likewise, the wedding imagery illustrates the sense of reward. The two climbers are innocent in their knowledge of the mountain. Roddan describes how "Today’s brides approach slowly, touched by the mystery and majesty of the place." As they ascend the "enormous wedding gown" of ice, they proceed with "solemn focus" until the "final veil is torn away." Reaching the summit, then, is a ceremony, a celebration of union with the mountain: two equals coming together in "a happy marriage of fear, sweat, intelligent strength, and smiles."
6. The title gives the piece an ironic flavour because of the play on words. While the climb occurs on April Fools day, Roddan concludes that the two climbers are also "The April fools, married with fear and laughter on Polar Circus". Clearly, many would perceive them as fools for undertaking such a dangerous climb, especially at that time of the year. However, Roddan challenges the skeptics with her thesis "The tango with fear makes me wise" through which she reveals a central paradox: that she is wiser because of her foolishness.
1.a. Roddan presents her thesis that "[t]he tango with fear makes me wise" in the final line of the first paragraph.
b. Roddan support her thesis when she describes how "we use our ice axes to shatter our frozen worlds into crystals of ice and fear. One of the strong pulls of ice climbing is the tremendous range of feelings one is forced to endure..." This passages reinforces the thesis concept that engaging with one’s fears leads to wisdom. The more one experiences, the more knowledge one can bring to the next experience. Thus, Roddan later writes how "the intensity is replaced with warm, smooth, flowing beats. The rhythm takes hold, and the dance begins again," thus sustaining the metaphor that ice climbing is "a tango with fear." Roddan’s goal is not to become fearless; rather, her goal is to climb with her fear.
2. The pattern of the essay is deductive. Roddan states her thesis at the end of the first paragraph and supports it with a narrative account of her ice climbing experience.
3. One method of development Roddan uses in this essay is cause and effect. When she encounters rotten ice, Roddan seeks a "reason to come down" but her climbing partner challenges her with the statement, "It depends on how much you want it." Although she is fearful of going on, the effect of these words helps to revive her "tango with fear", and she discovers that "desire, commitment, and an incredible dislike for down climbing" drive her onward to success.
Another method of development Roddan uses is description. In order to convince the reader thoroughly of the validity of her claim, she must convey the enormity of the "six long pitches of undulating ice varied, interesting, alpine" and the intensity of "a chasm fifteen feet wide...between my partner, Barb, and me." Above all she must describe the danger of passing through a "dark, claustrophobic couloir" and her struggle when " a big block of ice disengages itself." Description allows Roddan to convey the legitimacy of her danger so that the reader can understand why she must subdue her fear and not be subdued by it.
4. The simile that describes how "The last two pitches of the climb cascade out of the notch like a enormous wedding gown" is important because it establishes the relationship between the two climbers and the mountain. As they approach "wild, silent places that wait", the two women become "brides" embarking on a brand new life experiences. Thus, the simile serves to set the tone for the bridal analogy because climbing the mountain represents an act of union.
Parallel structure is evident when Roddan describes how "I force myself to breathe, to generate my own flow, to create my own beat." The imminent sense of struggle with her fear is evident in that her statement uses repetition, in this case the rhythm of a repeating sentence pattern, to impose order and calm. If Roddan is to sustain the tango, she simply cannot lose her nerve nor her sense of structure; otherwise, she would succumb to fear.
Personification occurs in the third last paragraph where "the great Goddess reveals her face of frozen water. I witness her dark, foreboding pinnacles, her places of silent, quiet peace." By personifying the mountain, Roddan reinforces the concept of relationship between herself and the ice face, thus sustaining the concept of a tango. Only when she arrives at the summit does she achieve a spiritual consummation with the mountain.
Metaphor occurs when Roddan describes how "Doubt slides in with spaghetti arms and little shivers that evaporate my courage." To dance with a partner requires trust and understanding; consequently, Roddan reveals the challenge of maintaining trust in oneself when one’s partner is fear.
5. The sustained use of dance and wedding imagery serves to unify the essay. From the thesis, expressed as the metaphor "The tango with fear makes me wise," Roddan establishes the nature of the relationship with Polar Circus. As she engages the mountain, which is "steep enough to burn our calves", she yields as the "rhythm takes hold, and the dance begins" even though it later "becomes a struggle." Only through the "desire" and "commitment" to subdue her fear will she be able to reach "the wild, silent places that wait." Likewise, the wedding imagery illustrates the sense of reward. The two climbers are innocent in their knowledge of the mountain. Roddan describes how "Today’s brides approach slowly, touched by the mystery and majesty of the place." As they ascend the "enormous wedding gown" of ice, they proceed with "solemn focus" until the "final veil is torn away." Reaching the summit, then, is a ceremony, a celebration of union with the mountain: two equals coming together in "a happy marriage of fear, sweat, intelligent strength, and smiles."
6. The title gives the piece an ironic flavour because of the play on words. While the climb occurs on April Fools day, Roddan concludes that the two climbers are also "The April fools, married with fear and laughter on Polar Circus". Clearly, many would perceive them as fools for undertaking such a dangerous climb, especially at that time of the year. However, Roddan challenges the skeptics with her thesis "The tango with fear makes me wise" through which she reveals a central paradox: that she is wiser because of her foolishness.
Questions for "April Fools on Polar Circus" by Janet Roddan
"April Fools on Polar Circus" by Janet Roddan
1.a. What is the thesis of the essay? [= one sentence]
b. Quote two examples from the essay that Roddan uses to support her thesis and explain how each example accomplishes that support. [= one paragraph]
2. Identify whether the pattern of the essay is inductive or deductive and explain your choice.
[= two sentences]
3. Identify and explain two methods of development that Roddan uses to develop her thesis.
[= 2 paragraphs]
4. Identify the use of the following rhetorical devices in the essay and explain how their use contributes to the development of either the thesis or the tone: [= brief paragraph for each one]
a. simile
b. parallel structure
c. personification
d. metaphor
5. Explain how Roddan achieves unity in her essay through the sustained use of dance and wedding imagery. [= one paragraph]
6. Given the content of the essay, why is the title "April Fools on Polar Circus" appropriate?
[= one paragraph]
1.a. What is the thesis of the essay? [= one sentence]
b. Quote two examples from the essay that Roddan uses to support her thesis and explain how each example accomplishes that support. [= one paragraph]
2. Identify whether the pattern of the essay is inductive or deductive and explain your choice.
[= two sentences]
3. Identify and explain two methods of development that Roddan uses to develop her thesis.
[= 2 paragraphs]
4. Identify the use of the following rhetorical devices in the essay and explain how their use contributes to the development of either the thesis or the tone: [= brief paragraph for each one]
a. simile
b. parallel structure
c. personification
d. metaphor
5. Explain how Roddan achieves unity in her essay through the sustained use of dance and wedding imagery. [= one paragraph]
6. Given the content of the essay, why is the title "April Fools on Polar Circus" appropriate?
[= one paragraph]
Good and Bad Writing
The distinction between good and bad writing is more than just a matter of subjective preference. There are objective standards that are applied to judge whether prose is good or bad, or at least effective and ineffective. Our assessment of prose follows two tracks: content and style.
The content of the prose needs to be informed and accurate. It needs to avoid "truisms" that are self-evident claims requiring no explanation. The content needs to be reasonably original and the writer needs to have something worthwhile to say about the topic.
How the writer expresses his/her opinion is a matter of style. Certainly grammatical accuracy, correct spelling, and word usage are important aspects of style. If the reader can't follow your meaning because of poor use of the language, your prose is ineffective. Even so, style is more than correct usage. Some experts express style as a matter of using the "right words in the right place." This awareness of what is "right" grows from exposure to a wide range of writing styles, knowledge and use of rhetorical devices (e.g., metaphor, simile), and careful study of objective rules and principles. John Ciardi writes that a student's awareness of what constitutes good and bad writing in their reading and their own writing will unfold at something like the same rate. Such is our goal in this first unit.
Follow the links to Seven Types of Bad Writing and review the principles. Next, follow the links to Samples of Good & Bad Writing (note that there are 3 separate examples of bad writing although they are not clearly labelled so).
On your response blog, explain why the samples are labelled "good" and "bad" using the criteria from Seven Types of Bad Writing. To what extent is the concept of audience the most decisive and difficult factor in the assessment of good and bad writing?
The content of the prose needs to be informed and accurate. It needs to avoid "truisms" that are self-evident claims requiring no explanation. The content needs to be reasonably original and the writer needs to have something worthwhile to say about the topic.
How the writer expresses his/her opinion is a matter of style. Certainly grammatical accuracy, correct spelling, and word usage are important aspects of style. If the reader can't follow your meaning because of poor use of the language, your prose is ineffective. Even so, style is more than correct usage. Some experts express style as a matter of using the "right words in the right place." This awareness of what is "right" grows from exposure to a wide range of writing styles, knowledge and use of rhetorical devices (e.g., metaphor, simile), and careful study of objective rules and principles. John Ciardi writes that a student's awareness of what constitutes good and bad writing in their reading and their own writing will unfold at something like the same rate. Such is our goal in this first unit.
Follow the links to Seven Types of Bad Writing and review the principles. Next, follow the links to Samples of Good & Bad Writing (note that there are 3 separate examples of bad writing although they are not clearly labelled so).
On your response blog, explain why the samples are labelled "good" and "bad" using the criteria from Seven Types of Bad Writing. To what extent is the concept of audience the most decisive and difficult factor in the assessment of good and bad writing?
Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Informal Essay Instructions
Length: 500 - 600 words.
Topic: Your choice -- an interest, a passion, a reflection, an epiphany, an observation, a raising of consciousness. Regardless of topic choice, keep in mind the following:
* be honest
* write about something that matters to you.
* make the ordinary extraordinary
Organization: Deductive or Inductive
Development: Use 1 or more of the 11 methods of develoment with intention. Remember, content dictates form, not the other way around.
Tone: Direct or Ironic
Thesis: see Organization for placement.
Style: Informal -- Demonstrate use of rhetorical devices (see your notes) artfully.
Include all process work with the final copy, otherwise it won't be accepted.
Due Date: Monday, March 2nd, 2009
Topic: Your choice -- an interest, a passion, a reflection, an epiphany, an observation, a raising of consciousness. Regardless of topic choice, keep in mind the following:
* be honest
* write about something that matters to you.
* make the ordinary extraordinary
Organization: Deductive or Inductive
Development: Use 1 or more of the 11 methods of develoment with intention. Remember, content dictates form, not the other way around.
Tone: Direct or Ironic
Thesis: see Organization for placement.
Style: Informal -- Demonstrate use of rhetorical devices (see your notes) artfully.
Include all process work with the final copy, otherwise it won't be accepted.
Due Date: Monday, March 2nd, 2009
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Response Journal Topics -- The Glass Menagerie
1. To what extent are the members of the Wingfield limited by their disappointment and isolated from one another?
2. Clearly, there is love in the Wingfield home. Why isn't there happiness? What or who is at the root of the family dysfunction?
3. a. How does the design of the play (i.e. staging, lighting...) illustrate the theme of illusion vs. reality?
b. If the gentleman caller is a symbol, how might Tom, Laura, and Amanda also be symbols?
4. a. Why does Jim "forget himself"?
b. What are the symbolic applications of the glass unicorn in the play?
2. Clearly, there is love in the Wingfield home. Why isn't there happiness? What or who is at the root of the family dysfunction?
3. a. How does the design of the play (i.e. staging, lighting...) illustrate the theme of illusion vs. reality?
b. If the gentleman caller is a symbol, how might Tom, Laura, and Amanda also be symbols?
4. a. Why does Jim "forget himself"?
b. What are the symbolic applications of the glass unicorn in the play?
Sunday, September 21, 2008
Some Thoughts on "Threes" by Carl Sandburg
As you prepare your informal explication, remember the three fundamental questions (according to Lawrence Perrine) that should guide your analysis:
1. Who is the speaker?
2. What is the purpose of the poem?
3. By what means is the purpose achieved?
In the case of "Threes" by Carl Sandburg, we have already established through our discussion that the identity of the speaker is somewhat tricky. The key thing to keep in mind is to keep your interpretation simple. Ask yourself: what is the most logical answer to the question? Good poetry may require you to read, re-read, and read again as it slowly reveals its purpose, but good poetry does not try to obfuscate its purpose. To do so would to defeat the basic purpose of poetry: to communicate experience. Keep in mind that poetry is condensed language; every word and phrase is deliberately constructed and deliberately placed. Consequently, the most detailed and length answer in your explication is your response to question #3. The collection of rhetorical devices, oftentimes wrapped in rhyme and metre, represent the pure elements of colour through which the writer seeks to communicate his or her purpose. Your contemplation of the use of these elements will heighten your awareness of how the author uses language to guide the reader to understanding. Thus, you must be patient with the thought process; if you rush it, you will end up writing either a summary of the poem or a "what if" narrative about the poem in a parallel universe. Neither trajectory will yield an effective explication.
1. Who is the speaker?
2. What is the purpose of the poem?
3. By what means is the purpose achieved?
In the case of "Threes" by Carl Sandburg, we have already established through our discussion that the identity of the speaker is somewhat tricky. The key thing to keep in mind is to keep your interpretation simple. Ask yourself: what is the most logical answer to the question? Good poetry may require you to read, re-read, and read again as it slowly reveals its purpose, but good poetry does not try to obfuscate its purpose. To do so would to defeat the basic purpose of poetry: to communicate experience. Keep in mind that poetry is condensed language; every word and phrase is deliberately constructed and deliberately placed. Consequently, the most detailed and length answer in your explication is your response to question #3. The collection of rhetorical devices, oftentimes wrapped in rhyme and metre, represent the pure elements of colour through which the writer seeks to communicate his or her purpose. Your contemplation of the use of these elements will heighten your awareness of how the author uses language to guide the reader to understanding. Thus, you must be patient with the thought process; if you rush it, you will end up writing either a summary of the poem or a "what if" narrative about the poem in a parallel universe. Neither trajectory will yield an effective explication.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)